Metabolic blocks and insulin resistance

Violation of glucose intake and oxidation in muscle tissue can occur at various stages and, according to the feedback principle, this will lead to inhibition of glucose utilization or the development of insulin resistance. In this regard, the process of violation of an excess glucose stream deposition in the form of glycogen (glycogen block) is considered. The processes of violation of glucose oxidation at various stages are considered: 1) pyruvate conversion (pyruvate block); 2) excessive accumulation of lactate (lactate block); 3) deterioration of the process of transamination of pyruvate (BCAA block); 4) impaired transport of reduced equivalents to mitochondria (aspartate block); 5) deficiency of cofactors for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate; 6) carnitine deficiency for the transfer of acetyl-CoA to mitochondria (carnitine block); 7) a decrease in the rate of acetyl CoA entry into mitochondria due to a decrease in their number (mitochondrial block); 8) a decrease in the level of coenzyme Q10 and a decrease in the rate of oxidative phosphorylation (oxidative block). These disorders (metabolic blocks) can be corrected by providing substrate for these reactions, which may be the principle for the prevention and treatment of insulin-resistant conditions.