Protective effect of Solanum melongena (garden egg), Solanum lycopersicum (tomatoes), Daucus carota subsp. sativus (carrot) extracts on some electrolytes and renal biomarkers of lead induced toxicity in albino wistar rats

The impact of lead toxicity was assessed in this study by analyzing the effects of the extracts on some electrolytes, urea and creatinine concentration. Thirty-five male wistar rats (150+50g) were distributed into five groups with seven rats in each group. Extraction and all biochemical analysis were carried out using standard laboratory techniques. Group one served as control, group two as test and were exposed to lead acetate only. Groups three, four and five were treatment groups, administered carrot and garden egg, carrot and tomato, garden egg, carrot and tomato respectively. All groups received feed and water ad libitum. Lead Acetate solution was administered orally at 50mg/kg body weight while 200mg/kg body weight received mixed juicy extract. On day 15, food was withdrawn, fasted overnight with free access to water. They were euthanized under chloroform vapor and sacrificed. Whole blood was collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. There was significant (P<0.05) decrease in potassium and chloride ion in group 2 (test group), compared to the control and treatment groups. Concentration of urea and creatinine in the test group was significantly higher compared with the other groups. Concentration of creatinine in group 3 and 5 significantly increased compared to control group. Effect of lead acetate was significantly reversed in group 5 compared to group 2. The results of the study indicate the potency of plants extracts against toxicity caused by the lead acetate. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids were present in the extracts.